Common Eye Conditions
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that damages the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. It is often caused by increased pressure within the eye and, if left untreated, can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. Vision changes usually occur gradually and may go unnoticed without regular eye exams.
Although there is no cure for glaucoma, early diagnosis and treatment can slow or prevent further damage. Treatment options include prescription eye drops, oral medication, laser treatment, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
Cataracts.
Cataracts
A cataract occurs when the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, resulting in blurred or dim vision. Cataracts develop when proteins in the lens break down and clump together, preventing light from passing through clearly. They are the leading cause of blindness worldwide and are most
common in older adults, though younger people can also be affected.
Surgery is the only effective treatment for cataracts and involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial one. Cataracts may affect one or both eyes and can develop gradually over time.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, painless eye condition associated with ageing that affects the macula—the part of the retina responsible for central vision. It can make everyday activities such as reading, driving, and recognising faces difficult, and in severe cases may lead to legal blindness.
There are two main types of AMD:
- Dry AMD, the most common form, which develops slowly due to gradual degeneration of retinal cells
- Wet AMD, the more severe form, caused by abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the macula, leading to rapid loss of central vision
AMD is more common in people aged 50 years and older.